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Category Archives: Blood Bank

on- board medical courier showing a white cargo plane

On-Board Couriers in Medical Transportation

In the medical world, timing is not always predictable or within a medical professional’s control. When emergency situations arise, means of medical transport can be complicated. Due to this fact, Medi-Ops is quick to respond to calls with various services tailored specifically to meet the needs of any transport situation that may emerge. 

On July 4th of this year, a granulocyte transport for a pediatric lymphoma patient in New Orleans, Louisiana was urgently called in. Granulocytes are the most common white blood cells whose primary function is to fight infection and are used in transfusions to patients with low white blood cell counts. Donors will give granulocytes via blood separation processes and the units of donated granulocytes are only good for 24 hours from the start of the blood draw from a donor. Therefore, this independence day transport call was urgent and extremely time-sensitive. In this case, the granulocyte transport needed to move from Colorado to Louisiana within the 24-hour window. While Medi-Ops would typically handle this call with a Next Flight Out (NFO) service, many airline cargo stations were closed due to the holiday. An NFO service would require cargo stations to be utilized, as a driver drops the product at the airport with the airline, and then a pickup is scheduled on the other end of the flight to transport the product to its final destination. Due to the urgency of this call, an on-board courier method of transportation was required. This way, a Medi-Ops employee could take the product, accompany it onto and during the flight, and quickly transport it to the recipient within the narrow time window. While on-board courier methods are not as common in medical transport, utilizing this service can create ideal conditions for time-sensitive, emergency situations.

What Is On-Board Courier Transport?

The next flight out option with Medi-ops is great for so many reasons. However, sometimes cargo stations are closed on holidays or other occasions, invalidating the option of medical transport via NFO. In these cases, the on-board courier system is used to safely and efficiently transport blood, organs, and other medical specimens. With on-board couriers, a courier professional is physically present with the product throughout the duration of transport. On-board couriers ensure efficiency and safety in a time-sensitive manner. The ability to schedule these trips at the last minute makes on-board couriers ideal for certain urgent emergencies. 

When on-board courier transport is determined to be the most effective method of transportation, what exactly does the process look like? The on-board courier professional that is transporting the product will receive the cargo and accompany it through preflight procedures and onto a passenger flight. When landed, the courier brings the cargo safely through the deplaning process and transports it directly to the final destination, into the hands of medical professionals that will then take the product for its intended use.

On-Board Couriers V.S. Next Flight Out

More commonly, Medi-Ops utilizes the Next Flight Out Service when transporting products via air. An NFO service can be offered through an Indirect Air Carrier such as Medi-Ops. This kind of transport allows for the shipment of medical specimens and products over commercial airlines, providing rapid and secure transport. Through this method, a shipment is picked up and moved to the airport where it is tendered to the airline and monitored using Medi-Ops software during the flight. Post-flight, the shipment is retrieved and delivered to its final destination. The key difference between NFO and on-board couriers is that with an on-board courier there is a professional physically present on the flight and accompanying the product throughout the duration of transport. On-board courier transport tends to be more expensive, however, can be conducted on short notice and with greater flight options.

Safety

As one of the fastest modes of cargo transportation, on-board couriers ensure top-tier safety in medical transport. Because so many transport situations are extremely time-sensitive, on-board couriers are able to create a system where the product is getting exactly where it needs to be in the safest way possible. Since the courier professionals personally accompany the shipment, the product is monitored and watched at all times.

Efficiency

The efficiency of on-board couriers can not be overlooked either! Customs clearance and transport procedures during travel are quick and the products can immediately be available at their final destination. In the case of granulocyte transport previously mentioned, the short shelf life of the product can seemingly produce logistic problems. When granulocytes are extracted from a donor, the short shelf life requires the patient to receive the transfusion within hours. However, since there are rare and urgent needs in this area, granulocytes are often located out of state for certain patients. An efficient transport with an on-board courier can be the means of life or death in these cases. With Medi-Ops, the most efficient method of transport is utilized for each specific call. The option of on-board courier transport with Medi-Ops furthers the ability to address every transport need in the best way possible.

Every situation and call received by Medi-Ops requires evaluation on which means of transport creates the safest, most ideal environment for product, patients, and transportation. In the July 4th call to the pediatric patient, getting a rare and short shelf-life product transported across the United States within a small time window was an incredible accomplishment and couldn’t have been done without the use of on-board courier transport. On-board couriers therefore clearly become an essential means of medical transport when moving time-sensitive products across the country. Using this service ensures safety and efficiency simultaneously, creating the perfect means of emergency medical transport in rare and unique situations.

woman-giving-blood-in-modern-hospital-donated-blood-concept

Timing Considerations in Blood Donations and Usage

According to the American Red Cross, 16 million blood components are transfused each year in the U.S. They also estimate that approximately 29,000 units of red blood cells are needed every day in the U.S. Donated blood is lifesaving for people who have lost blood from an accident or surgery. It must be stored and transported in a very particular manner. This is the only way to guarantee the quality from when blood is donated, to when transfusion occurs. 

The process of storing and transporting blood is complex, so we’ve put together this guide to learn about the best practices to preserve its quality. 

Effects of Improper Blood Storage and Transportation

You need to store, and transport donated blood properly to preserve the quality. What happens if you don’t? Below are the effects of improper blood storage!

  • Blood stored or transported outside the recommended temperatures loses the ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide upon transfusion.
  • The bacterial contamination risk increases when donated blood is exposed to high temperatures.
  • Super low temperatures below freezing point increase the chances of blood hemolysis. This can cause a deadly transfusion reaction. 

Blood Cold Chain Management Cycle

What is the blood cold chain management cycle? This is the blood cycle from donation to transfusion. The process is a series of interconnected activities such as blood donation, processing, testing, storage, distribution, and transfusion. 

It also involves personnel and equipment needed to handle donated blood safely. Ideally, the cycle begins before the blood collection. Blood bags need to be stored under the right temperature conditions awaiting donated blood.

What Constitutes Blood?

Blood can be transfused as a whole or its components. Knowing what constitutes blood is critical because it affects how you store and transport blood. Below is the breakdown of what makes up blood!

  • Whole Blood; contains all blood components like plasma, red cells, white cells, and platelets. It’s the most popular form of blood transfusion because it can help many people when separated into individual components. 
  • Red Cells; are produced in the bone marrow and are responsible for the characteristic color. They’re used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the body tissues.
  • Platelets; are made in the bone marrow and are responsible for preventing or stopping excessive blood loss after a cut.
  • Plasma; is the liquid holding all blood components in place. It makes up about 60% of blood volume.
  • White Cells; are the body’s defense system. They protect the body from diseases by producing antibodies to fight bacteria and viruses. Donated blood containing white cells can cause more harm than good. So, they’re always removed before transfusion.

How to Store and Transport Donated Blood

After testing and processing blood under the recommended conditions, it’s vital to store and transport it properly. The three primary blood storage equipment include:

  • Blood storage refrigerators–used to maintain whole blood, red blood cell concentrates, and other blood components at +4°C ± 2°C. Different blood storage refrigerators include Upright freestanding units, Freestanding chest refrigerators, Cold rooms, and Solar and gas-powered storage equipment.
  • Plasma storage freezers–used to maintain plasma at temperatures consistently colder than –25°C. The different plasma storage freezers include Upright freestanding freezers, Freestanding chest freezers, and Freezer rooms.
  • Room temperature storage facilities–are used to maintain platelet concentrates and fresh blood under an optimum temperature range of +22°C ± 2°C. The different room temperature storage facilities are a Platelet agitator, Temperature controlled room, and Temperature controlled working environment. 

How to Store and Transport Whole Blood and Red Cells

According to the American Red Cross, the recommended temperature for storing whole blood ranges between +4°C ± 2°C. You need to store whole blood at this temperature range to maintain its ability to transport oxygen.

The right storage bags should contain enough anticoagulant, a chemical preservative solution used to prevent the blood from clotting. Also, the recommended storage period is approximately 35 days. You’ll want to keep this in mind to guarantee blood quality.

The recommended temperature range for transporting pre-processed blood is +20 °C to +24 °C, which shouldn’t take longer than six hours. On the other hand, you should transport processed blood at a temperature range of +2 °C to +10 °C in under 24 hours.

Some specialists can treat and freeze red blood cells to last more than ten years. But this significantly depends on the available technology.

How to Store and Transport Blood Platelets

Standard operating procedures require platelets to be separated from whole blood within six hours after collection. This is done through the centrifugation process! This means whole blood should be stored between +20 °C and +24 °C before centrifugation. 

This is also the recommended temperature range for storing platelet concentrates, i.e., +22°C ± 2°C. Lastly, platelet concentrates should be used within five days. This is the maximum storage time.

How to Store and Transport Blood Plasma

Blood plasma is first frozen and maintained in a blood bank freezer at a temperature ≤-18ºC and allowed to thaw. The thawed plasma is stored in a plasma storage freezer at a temp of 1-6ºC. Frozen plasma has a one-year shelf life from the collection date.

On the other hand, thawed plasma has a shorter shelf life. So it should be used within one day to five days maximum. 

Wrapping Up

Donated blood can restore life! But this significantly depends on how the blood is handled during the cold chain management cycle. This means you need the right professionals to handle blood and blood derivatives. 

More importantly, it’s best to store and transport the blood and its components according to the recommended standard operating procedures. A minor delay during transportation or poor storage equipment can be costly. This is why you need a reliable blood transportation system. The good news is that Medi-Ops got your back! We are a technology-enabled medical logistics and transportation organization. Contact us to learn more!

Next Flight Out (NFO) White Paper

Last weekend, one of our blood banks in Denver, Colorado required us to transport blood to a hospital in Grand Junction, Colorado. Typically a 5h41m transport, mudslides in Colorado had caused a variety of road closures between Denver and Colorado, increasing transport times to almost 7 hours. This would have bumped the transport price to over $800. Given the ramifications of the patient who needed blood, we needed to find another option. 

As an Indirect Air Carrier (IAC), designated by the TSA, DHS, and FAA, Medi-Ops is honored to be able to provide Next Flight Out (NFO) services for our clients. Utilizing NFO allows us to ship blood, organs, and other human specimens via commercial airlines and our private network of operators. This service allows us to save even more lives while lowering costs for our clients.

Instead of driving the blood, we evaluated multiple flights and their cost effectiveness, while also considering time implications. Including the flight (scheduled through our NFO abilities), and the ground transport costs, we were able to lower the cost to 43% of the original ground transportation. We were also able to save hours of time, benefiting the patients in Grand Junction, and increasing access to care. 

This service is often a fantastic alternative to longer transports of a variety of time requirements. Because we are an IAC, you can contact us to verify a known shipper. You also will have access to our 24/7 dispatch center, our unique algorithms, our private network of operators, and cost savings of this method of transport. We are also able to support your organization in its process of becoming a known shipper, or we can help ship unknown cargo.

Blood Bank Logistics

Here at Medi-Ops, we primarily use our courier services to serve blood banks. While there are a variety of industries that could benefit from our innovative courier system, we recognize that blood banks across the United States are widely underserviced! While everyone agrees that blood donation and processing are vital to healthcare and human life, innovation, technology, and external services available to blood banks are almost non-existent! This is where Medi-Ops enters. 

When a patient needs blood, the hospital lab technicians call a blood bank. The blood bank processes and packs the blood in their labs… it’s all ready to go! But how does it get back to hospitals? That is where we come in. The blood bank lab techs call our 24/7 dispatch center and we get to work. First, we determine the perfect mode of transport – air or ground, emergent or STAT, and then find the courier to do it! We partner with a variety of courier companies; this way, no blood is left delayed, and no patients suffer. Whether we use internal couriers, or a courier from another company, we use our state of the art software to track every order.

Our software allows clients to place, track, and alter their orders. They can watch the order at every step along the way – from confirmed, en route, on scene… all the way to delivery! The blood bank techs will have complete confidence that their order was completed and delivered safely – this is why we require each blood delivery to confirm a point of delivery and be completed with a signature from the receiving lab tech. 

We pride ourselves in using technology and a variety of professional services to better the healthcare field – this is why we focus on serving blood banks across the country and why we will continue to do so. 

As always, if you have any questions, or would like to place an order, please reach out to our 24/7 dispatch center at 1 (844) 633-4677.

Blood Donation: Need, Facts, and How YOU can Save Lives

Human blood is a commodity that we may not always consider – human blood cannot be created, but, rather, it must be donated. Every 2 seconds, someone in the United States needs blood or platelets. Patients, such as a mom and baby in need of a lifesaving transfusion, rely on the frequent donation of blood product. Our team at Medi-Ops strongly recommends anyone who is able to donate, contact their local blood bank to explore their donation options.

If you live in Colorado, you can contact Vitalant at 877-25-VITAL or at Vitalant.org!

We are proud to be a transportation partner of Vitalant to help in the distribution of human blood product across Colorado and surrounding states.