This year brings a big happy birthday to the radiopharmaceutical industry – turning 69! The continuous development within this field brings innovative changes specifically in cancer drugs and transportation networks. The world of nuclear medicine is small in comparison to other medical specialties but is growing rapidly as light continues to be shed on the unbelievable feats that diagnostic and therapeutic pharmaceuticals achieve. The effects and benefits of what nuclear medicine can do are truly undeniable.
While the FDA began regulating radiopharmaceuticals as drugs in the 1970s, it would be a decade later that the exploration of oncological imaging and therapy use began in the 1980s. The next decade of the 90s brought further research and rapidly growing use of nuclear medicine (specifically in PET imaging). In this century, leaps and bounds in nuclear medicine have been made – from Time Magazine’s invention of the year as the PET/CT scan machine in 2000 to progressive FDA regulations and continued development in the industry, the best of nuclear medicine is yet to come.
With the extraordinary strides in medicine that radiopharmaceuticals have brought come many challenges – specifically in the safe transport of radiopharmaceuticals with time and radiation considerations. These forms of treatment are radioactive after all, which sounds scary, but really just means that transporting these products requires an extra level of attention and care than regular medical transport.
The Radiopharmaceutical Industry
In the nuclear medicine world, radiopharmaceuticals can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. While diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals contain less radiation than therapy radiopharmaceuticals, both are composed of radioisotopes. These diagnostic procedures within nuclear medicine allow closer, more detailed imaging of specific organs and parts of the body through gamma scans (A.K.A scintigraphy). Both dynamic and static images can be produced, creating optimal specificity in diagnosis. Discoveries of future uses of radiopharmaceuticals in oncology and cardiology prognosis continue to be unveiled. In addition, there is a constant stream of drug development and testing on projected uses of radiopharmaceuticals.
The production of radiopharmaceuticals requires handling large quantities of radioactive substances in addition to chemical processing. Because of this, processing facilities in compliance with manufacturing practices, quality assurance, and control systems are essential for safe production. These products require registration with relevant health authorities as well as careful radioactive material transport.
Cancer Drugs
The incredible ability of radiopharmaceuticals to detect and treat tumor cells provides for the unearthing of new cancer treatments. Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer treatment allows radioactive substances to target specific diseased cells, delivering radiation directly to the tumor and affected area. In specific targeting of cancer cells through therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, side effects and harmful factors surrounding cancer treatments can be reduced.
Transportation Networks
Now that we’ve had a refresher on the radiopharmaceutical industry and cancer drugs, let’s get into the interesting stuff. As always in medical transportation, there are imperative needs when moving products from one place to the other – Safety. Speed. Efficiency. Specifically with radiopharmaceuticals, complicated transportation networks are necessary to have in place to maintain the integrity of the product.
Transportation processes of radioactive material are incredibly regulated. Radiopharmaceuticals are transported via Type A packaging, where extensive testing is done on the packages used to maintain and protect the product without releasing its contents. These tests are thorough! They include an hour of water spray, free fall testing onto a hard, flat surface, compression of five times the weight of the package, and penetration tests where heavy bars are dropped on the package from heights of over 3 feet. Once these packages prove themselves worthy after all of this testing, they are ready to serve their purpose in transporting these drugs all over the world. In addition to package regulations, a series of requirements for each mode of transportation (highway, rail, air, and water) are also in place through government transportation regulations.
While most radioactive materials aren’t allowed on commercial flights, radiopharmaceuticals are eligible for air carrier transportation. These products are volatile and require immediate transportation, qualifying for both ground and air transportation depending on the specific situation. Because radiopharmaceuticals have a short half-life, swift transportation efforts are imperative. Depending on the destination, a next flight out or air charter method of transport is typically preferred in these time-critical transportation cases.
While nuclear medicine is still a relatively small field, the growth and development, particularly in radiopharmaceuticals, are skyrocketing. Transporting these products is an intricate process requiring the utmost level of safety and efficiency. With the right processes and procedures, radiopharmaceuticals are traveling around the world, changing lives and the world of medicine for the better.